Qualifying Exam Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Qualifying Exam Theories - Essay Example Universal associations supported by World Bank have been upholding destitution easing through monetary approaches that are worldwide in nature yet can possibly impact national strategies (Introduction to global relations: Social constructivism, 2012, p 170). There is a developing ‘global hostile to destitution agenda’ that has changed the guidelines the way individuals, government and other open associations are handling neediness (Noel, 2006). There are a few hypotheses that have risen to clarify and handle neediness; be that as it may, all speculations appear to concur upon the issue of handling the issue as intrinsic and emerging in the social structure, which is likewise observed to be the best arrangement appears (Altatis, 2012). Progressivism hypothesizes opportunity of thought and articulation and restricts traditionalist and dictator sees. It is a principle planned for helping the outward government assistance of men and doesn't consider the inward government assistance. It is worried about the outward lead of men. This teaching perceives that inward government assistance can't emerge out of outward, materialistic belonging. In any case, it places balance of material belongings dependent on division of work and individual ability to work and materialistic belonging. External prosperity as upheld by progressivism and its defenders is a lot of required for man as it gives each individual a possibility and the option to approach opportunity. This hypothesis depends on uniformity of men in accordance with the common law and law of illumination and requests fairness of political and social equality to all men. It depends on the suspicion that contrasts between men are counterfeit and that all men are made equivalent, and thus should be given equivalent rights (Mises, 2012). With fairness under law, every individual will have the privilege and opportunity to work to his ability to have the option to accomplish social uniformity. Albeit private proprietorship is said to make contrasts regarding material belonging, radicalism with its weight on materialistic

Why You Shouldnt Trust Homeschooling Statistics

Why You Shouldn't Trust Homeschooling Statistics When contending the advantages and disadvantages of any issue, its normally accommodating to have settled upon realities close by. Tragically, with regards to self-teaching, there are not many dependable examinations and measurements accessible. In any event, something as essential as what number of kids are being self-taught in a given year must be speculated. Here are a couple of the reasons you should take any statistical data points you see in regards to self-teaching - positive or negative - while taking other factors into consideration. The Definition of Homeschooling Differs OK think about every one of these youngsters homeschoolers? A youngster selected a virtual open contract school who does all homework at home.A kid who goes through piece of the week in government funded school classes.A kid who self-taught a few years yet not others. With regards to tallying heads and making determinations, its imperative to contrast apples and apples. Be that as it may, since various investigations utilize various meanings of self-teaching, its difficult to know whether studies are really taking a gander at a similar gathering of children. For example, a report from the National Center for Education Studies, some portion of the U.S. Division of Education, incorporates understudies who go through as long as 25 hours every week - five hours per day - going to classes in an open or tuition based school. Its difficult to compare that experience to that of a youngster who has never sat in a study hall. States Dont Keep Complete Records of Who Homeschools In the U.S., the states manage instruction, including self-teaching. What's more, every state laws on the issue are extraordinary. In certain states, guardians are allowed to self-teach without reaching the nearby school locale. In different states, guardians must send a Letter of Intent to self-teach and submit customary desk work, which can incorporate the scores of government sanctioned tests. Be that as it may, even in states where self-teaching is firmly directed, acceptable numbers are difficult to find. In New York, for instance, guardians must submit administrative work to the school area - yet just for kids inside the time of obligatory instruction. Underneath the age of six, or after age 16, the state quits keeping check. So its difficult to know from state records what number of families decide to self-teach kindergarten, or what number of adolescents go on from self-teaching to school. Broadly Quoted Studies Are Biased Its elusive an article about self-teach in the national media that does exclude a statement from the Home School Legal Defense Association. HSLDA is a not-for-profit self-teach support bunch that offers legitimate portrayal to individuals now and again including self-teaching. HSLDA likewise entryways state and national governing bodies to introduce its traditionalist Christian perspective on issues with respect to home training and family rights. So its reasonable for question whether HSLDAs contemplates speak to just its constituents and not homeschoolers from different backgrounds. In like manner, it appears to be sensible to expect that reviews by bunches for or contradicted to self-teaching will mirror those inclinations. So its not astonishing that the National Home Education Research Institute, a support gathering, distributes contemplates that show the advantages of self-teaching. Instructors bunches like the National Education Association then again, frequently discharge proclamations censuring self-teaching just on the premise that it doesn't expect guardians to be authorized educators. Numerous Homeschooling Families Choose Not to Take Part in Studies In 1991, Home Education Magazine ran a section by Larry and Susan Kaseman which exhorted guardians to abstain from participating in concentrates about self-teaching. They contended that analysts could utilize their school-based predispositions to distort the way that self-teaching works. For example, an inquiry concerning how long are spent instructing infers that guardians ought to be plunking down with their children accomplishing work area work, and overlooks the way that a great deal of learning occurs throughout ordinary exercises. The HEM article proceeded to state that scholastics who lead concentrates regularly come to be viewed as specialists on self-teaching, by people in general and now and then by self-teaching guardians themselves. Their dread was that self-teaching would come to be characterized by the measures took a gander at in the examinations. Alongside the issues raised by the Kasemans, numerous self-teaching families dont partake in studies to safeguard their security. Theyd just rather remain under the radar, and not chance being decided by individuals who may differ with their instructive decisions. Strangely, the HEM article stood in support of case narratives. As indicated by the Kasemans, talking with individual self-teaching families to hear what they need to state about their instructive styles is an increasingly powerful and precise approach to give information on what self-teaching is truly similar to. Numerous Scholarly Studies Are Stacked Against Homeschooling Its simple to state that most self-teaching families are not able to instruct their own youngsters - on the off chance that you characterize able to mean confirmed to educate in a government funded school. However, could a clinical specialist show her youngsters life structures? Obviously. Could a distributed artist show a self-teach workshop on exploratory writing? Who better? What about realizing bicycle fix by assisting in a bicycle shop? The apprenticeship model worked for a considerable length of time. Proportions of state funded school achievement like grades are frequently unimportant in reality, just as in self-teaching. That is the reason requests that homeschoolers submit to all the more testing and studies that take a gander at self-teaching through the viewpoint of conventional tutoring can miss the genuine focal points of learning outside a study hall. Self-teach Research to Take With a Grain of Salt Here are a few connects to inquire about on self-teaching, from an assortment of sources. Number of Homeschoolers by State: Updated postings by Ann Zeise from A2Z Homes Cool.The International Center for Home Education Research: Formed in 2012, this gathering says it gives unprejudiced data about homeschooling.Education Week Homeschooling article: Overview from 2011 with connections to related articles and studies.New Nationwide Study Confirms Homeschool Academic Achievement: HSLDA article with connections to studies.1.5 Million Homeschooled Students in the United States in 2007: Article from the National Center for Education Studies.What Have We Learned About Homeschooling?: Article by E. Isenberg from the Peabody Journal of Education, 2007, that talks about the absence of dependable information on homeschooling.Home Schooling in the United States: Trends and Characteristics: Study by K. Bauman distributed in Education Policy Analysis Archives in 2002, utilizing information from the 1990s.

Jaguar Land Rover Management Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Puma Land Rover Management Report - Essay Example The organization is exceptionally worried in building up a plan of action that will contribute the general nature and atmosphere security, by putting into green innovation, executing low-carbon arrangements into the vehicle building advances, and creating green materials for vehicle creation. In this manner, item life cycle is considered as the key part of the correct methodology improvement, since it includes all the three segments of the procedure. It is isolated into 7 phases:1. Design: This is the essential advance of building up a â€Å"green† item, and diminishing CO2 emanations for the future models. The stage includes creating security, vitality sparing and solidness technologies.2. Raw material creation: the organization manages the supportable providers. This is additionally significant for the last cost decrease, since â€Å"green† providers offer lower costs (Jaguar Land Rover Annual Report, 2014)3. Transporting: the appropriately evolved coordinations system helps diminishing the transportation costs, just as CO2 discharges. 4. Manufacturing: discharges to air, soil, and water are altogether constrained by executing channels, and vitality sparing advances. Moreover, the waste and discharge control helps actualizing the waste reusing innovations, which is likewise useful for cost decrease. 5. Delivery to clients: the shorter conveyance ways help diminishing outflows and costs, discharges to air. Additionally to material and segments transportation, shorter ways are required for cost and emanation decrease.

The Forbidden Truth Regarding Tsi Essay Writing Samples Revealed by an Expert

The Forbidden Truth Regarding Tsi Essay Writing Samples Revealed by an Expert Young writers may try simple on-line citation generators which are ordinarily at no cost. Writing about nuclear weapons is always a superb idea. A lot of students put on a uniform. If you've taken the IELTS test recently, then it is possible to post your question for different students to check at. The major distinction is that the argumentative essay should demonstrate a discussion instead of a single opinion. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. No matter the mission of the essay, make certain you're interested in your topic. In many professional contexts, respectful argumentation is the thing that leads to the growth of new suggestions and perspectives. Don't neglect to bring a strong hook at the beginning (introduction paragraph) and wind up with an impressive conclusion to earn the reader want to talk about the interesting persuasive essay topics of your pick. After you have gathered ideas on the subject, you must properly set your thoughts into words. In addition, you can capture reader attention with the assistance of funny essay topics. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points you may counter to your own points. The point is that someone with a wide ranging vocabulary ought to be in a position to chat about any of the common essay topics easily using words that are particular to that topic. The option of compare and contrast essay topics isn't a simple task because you have to demonstrate your analytical skills. No any man or woman can deny the truth that classification essay is a tricky sort of essay and it might make one wonder what things to do and the way to succeed. It is crucial to give context to your quotes. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good concept to start with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. You might find that lots of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any sort of writing assignment. Select a distinctive topic that others may not think of, and whatever you select, make certain you know a lot about it! Naturally, you won't know the specific subject of the essay till you get there (just as the builder may not understand what color hi s client will paint the living room), but you are going to have an all-purpose frame on which to construct an amazing essay regardless of what the topic is. As the last paragraph is represents your final opportunity to earn your case and, being such, should adhere to an extremely rigid format. While an essay is a sizable project, there are several steps a student can take which will help break down the task into manageable components. Announce your Conclusion there is Nothing more provocative than revealing a conclusion from the start. The very first portion of the introduction stipulates a definition. The Fundamentals of Tsi Essay Writing Samples Revealed How people will act if there will not be any rules in any way. Some individuals live their lives in accordance with their religion even though others don't think you should factor that into decision making in regards to determining rules for everybody. If you're in need of custom essay online, don't hesitate to speak to us now for we believe in providing result oriented and efficient classification essay assistance to our clients. Additional early child obesity is a critical health issue that may result in a heart attack. You see, the conventions of English essays are somewhat more formulaic than you may think and, in a lot of ways, it can be as easy as counting to five. Textbooks are obsolete and ought to be replaced by iPads. Essay writing examples in doc format like the ones given may help direct you in writing a superior composition. If you wish to use a quotation from your content, do it. Remember your final grade significantly is contingent on the topic. Thus, it's important to read corresponding formatting guide. The very first step is where a large number of students become stuck. For instance, you can select a topic for elementary, middle, or higher school. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on various views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. Attempt to consider what age is very good for students to date with one another. An admissions officer is a lot more likely to keep in mind an applicant who has a rather specific essay written in a distinctive and quirky way. You may plan your essays well beforehand. Make sure you write atleast one essay or one letter daily to raise your speed. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. An essay has to be composed of an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. In other words, it should say how you plan to prepare for class. The ESL essay ought to be grammatically accurate. An argumentative essay is a certain kind of academic writing.

Comparison Between Little Brother And 1984 - 759 Words

Comparisons of Little Brother and 1984 Living in a society where the government is constantly watching and monitoring everything a person does can cause many problems throughout the area. When people living in the area start to realize what the government is doing, they want to take action into their own hands. In the contemporary novel, Little Brother, and in the classic novel, 1984, this in one of the main challenges that the protagonists have to go through and try to figure out how to stop the government. In the contemporary novel Little Brother, Marcus Yallow is a normal teenage boy, he loves being with his friends, playing video games, and especially hates going to school. One day Marcus and his friends, Darryl, Van, and Jolu,†¦show more content†¦He first sees an inner party member, OBrien, who he believes is in the brotherhood to take down big brother- the party’s leader. Marcus also meets a girl who is not exactly what he thinks, but soon starts to find out that she wants something more than just an ally. She sends Winston a note saying â€Å"I love you.† and they soon begin a forbidden affair, always on the lookout for the higher party spying on them. As their affair begins to flourish, Winstons hatred for the party grows more and he feels it is time to overthrow the party. He counts on the help of his brotherhood and friends, but he may have made one big mistake that can cost him everything. Throughout the contemporary and classic novels, there are a few similarities the two books share. In both books, Little Brother and 1984, the protagonists are faced with living in a society where the government has control on most of their life. However, the two books are a little different in how to governement is controlling their lives. In Little Brother, Marcus Yallow, has noticed that the government is spying on the people by tracking their computers, phones, and even their cars. While Marcus is noticing all of this going on many other people in the community have no idea. In 1984, Winston Smith’s town is being watched by telescreens that are placed everywhere and everyone knows about them. Another similarity that both books share is the protagonists braveness.Show MoreRelatedThe Real-Life Counterparts of 1984s Oceania Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pages Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin are household names, but what about the more obscure individuals Muammar Qaddafi, Xi Jinpin g, and Kim Jong-un? George Orwell used 1984 as a prediction of what could happen if the fascism in Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia persisted. The dystopian, fascist government that exists in 1984 resembles the governments in the real-life, modern-day countries of Libya, China, and North Korea. The government in Orwell’s Oceania is fascist, causing citizens like Winston andRead MoreComparing 1984 And The Hunger Games930 Words   |  4 Pagesand overcrowding† (Dystopia). Both 1984 and The Hunger Games are novels that revolve around dystopian societies. These two dystopian societies have many aspects in common. Each area is controlled by a high authority and contained by a hierarchy, consumed by poverty and struggle, inhumanely surveilled, and revolutions have been formed. The first similarity found between 1984 and The Hunger Games is the authority figures that have control over the public. . In 1984, their form of the police, The ThoughtRead MoreThe Dystopian Novel, By George Orwell, And Andrew Niccol s `` Harrison Bergeron ``1222 Words   |  5 Pagesslogans that were used to control society in George Orwell s piece 1984. Dystopian literature is a futuristic universe that is oppressive and uses bureaucratic, totalitarian, and/or technological control to control society. In Orwell s Dystopian book 1984, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr s short story Harrison Bergeron, and Andrew Niccol s film In time, there are many examples of a Dystopia is that contain a lot of comparisons between the stories. Dystopian literature whether it be novel, film, or shortRead More1994 George Orwell Dramatic performance analysis1455 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is no hope. The lights fade and there is silence. The stage is empty. Big Brother is watching. George Orwell’s novel 1984 springs to life with this stage adaptation presented by the highly entertaining theatre company Shake and Stir. In the totalitarian society of 1984, lies, myths and false information dictate the population and this is portrayed beautifully in the theatrical presentation of the novel. 1984 tells the story of Winston, a man with no hope, the party controls his life, hisRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Dangers Of Power Through A Totalitarian Government1186 Words   |  5 PagesWhile writing 1984, George Orwell strongly displayed the theme of the dangers of power through a totalitarian government. Not only were Orwell’s ideas of corruption in an all-powerful government portrayed in his novel, 1984, but comparisons can be made with the story’s points of a spying authority, keeping the lower class ignorant, and an unscrupulous corporate influence with America’s power-heads today. Big Brother could be considered the main antagonist of George Orwell’s 1984. Serving as aRead MoreGeorge Orwell And Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1621 Words   |  7 Pagesfar a government is willing to go to maintain discipline and control. Orwell’s 1984 is set in Oceania, a totalitarian state ruled on the basis of fear: fear of retaliation; fear born of inherent mistrust. Its leader is Big Brother, who is portrayed as god-like and controls its citizens down to their very own thoughts and opinions. Any dissidents who think subversive thoughts can be turned in by spies or by Big Brother, who appears to always be watching. On the other hand Huxley’s Brave New WorldRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Brave New World1601 Words   |  7 Pageslives that are chosen for them and through the use of a euphoria inducing drug named Soma. The main question this novel poses is whether happiness or freedom is more superior. In George Orwell’s Novel 1984 society rests on the opposite end of the spectrum from that in Brave New World. The Government in 1984 is of totalitarian nature meaning it controls every aspect of its citizen’s lives from their jobs, friends, and even thoughts. The government achieves its fierce a nd tight grip of control on the peopleRead MoreDystopian Society: Comparing Brave New World and 1984 Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesDystopian Society: Comparing Brave New World and 1984 Different societies have risen and fallen in the continual search for the â€Å"perfect† society. The definition of this utopia is in constant flux due to changing times and cultural values. Many works of literature have been written describing a utopian society and the steps needed to achieve it. However, there are those with a more cynical or more realistic view of society that comment on current and future trends. These individuals lookRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 843 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwell â€Å"1984† is a great example of utilitarianism material in which the government known as the â€Å"party† abuses their power and brainwash their people to surrender all freedom and abide their rules. This book clearly gives us a warning about how a utilitarian government can control and monitor our everyday lives. The National slogan from the book â€Å"War is peace, freedom is slavery and ignorance is strength â€Å" introduce us about h ow the propaganda has produces fear to the people because thereRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed America s Dependence On Technology1442 Words   |  6 Pagessee why 1984 â€Å"won’t be like ‘1984’† with their release of Macintosh (Apple’s original computer system). Their commercial alluded to George Orwell’s novel 1984 about a ‘big brother’ dystopia, with disciplined inhabitants. People in the commercial looked the same, walked the same, and listened to their ruler, of sorts. It is appropriate to believe that Apple aimed for their computer to be monumental and change the expectations of the future. Computers would rid of the effect of big brother, and lead

Why Heart Failure ( Hf ) Is The Inability Of The Heart

Heart failure (HF) is the inability of the heart to pump adequately to meet the metabolic needs of the body (Jeffrey et al, 2007). It is caused by structural or functional abnormalities of the heart (NICE, 2003). The reduced contractility leads to a reduced stroke volume, and therefore the heart rate is increased to help maintain cardiac output. HF can either be chronic where it has been occurring over time or acute, where it happens suddenly. Around 900,000 people in the UK have HF, with almost as many as damaged hearts but with no symptoms (Petersen et al, 2002). The prevalence of HF increases steeply with age, with the average age at first diagnosis is at 76. The risk of HF is greater in males than in females in all age groups, but there are more females than males due to population demographics (Eggett, 2014). The cost of general practitioner consultations has been estimated at  £45 million per year, with an additional  £35 million for GP referrals to outpatient clinics. In addition to this, community-based drug therapy costs the NHS around  £129 million per year. The hospital admissions due to HF are understood to increase by more than half in the next 25 years, largely due to the ageing population. This paper will focus on comparing and contrasting the classic verves contemporary understanding of HF, evaluating both the traditional concepts and more recent developments of the understanding of this condition. Traditional concepts of HF The understanding of HF hasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Heart Failure3548 Words   |  15 PagesSituation: Two patients in their 70s present to the office at different times today, each with documented heart failure: one diastolic and the other systolic, and both are hypertensive. First, discuss the difference between systolic and diastolic heart failure, providing appropriate pathophysiology. ACEI/ARBs are the only medications prescribed for CHF that have been found to prolong life and improve the quality of that life. EXPLAIN the mechanism of action of ACEI/ARBs and how they affect morbidityRead MoreHospital Re Admissions : Congestive Heart Failure2697 Words   |  11 PagesCHF and Heart Failure Changes in Hospital Re-Admissions Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and Heart Failure (HF) are serious problems in regards to hospital re-admissions especially regarding the sixty-five year old population. Data demonstrates approximately over 670,000 individuals each year are diagnosed with CHF, along with that there are 6 (six) million Americans affected with CHF. Hersh, Masoudi, and Allen (2013) described readmissions of patients with CHF is increasing by 25% within thirtyRead MoreAortic Stenosis Aortic Valve Stenosis-2836 Words   |  12 Pagesdisease include congenital heart disease, rheumatic fever, and radiation. Patients with increased age, increased low density lipoprotein (LDL), increased lipoprotein A, hypertension, and smoking history have a higher risk of developing a stenotic valve. Patients suffering from aortic stenosis often are asymptotic until more of the advanced symptoms develop. At this time, they may present the â€Å"classic triad symptoms,† which include (1) angina, (2) syncope, and ( 3) heart failure. There are also some broadRead MoreSTUDY GUIDE: EXAM 4 Essay1797 Words   |  8 PagesCardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems, pp. 1091-1141. 1. Automaticity of the Heart, pp.1103. or the property of generating spontaneous depolarization to threshold, enables the SA and AV nodes to generate cardiac action potentials without any stimulus. Cells cable of spontaneous depolarization are called automatic cells. The automatic cells of the cardiac conduction system can stimulate the heart to beat even when the heart is removed from the body. Spontaneous depolarization is possible in automaticRead MoreCase Study Essay33967 Words   |  136 PagesPART ONE Medical-Surgical Cases 1 1 Cardiovascular Cardiovascular Disorders Case Study 1 Heart Failure Difficulty: Beginning Setting: Emergency department, hospital Index Words: heart failure (HF), cardiomyopathy, volume overload, quality of life X Scenario M.G., a â€Å"frequent flier,† is admitted to the emergency department (ED) with a diagnosis of heart failure (HF). She was discharged from the hospital 10 days ago and comes in today stating, â€Å"I just had to come to the hospital today because IRead MoreThe Battle of the Atlantic Essay1866 Words   |  8 PagesThe Battle of the Atlantic During WWII, the Germans attempted to force Britain into surrender by preventing vital supplies from reaching her across the Atlantic Ocean. Explain why by mid 1943, the British had gained the upper hand in the Atlantic. The Battle of the Atlantic was a key event in deciding the outcome of WWII. The Atlantic was Britains lifeline, the only route to the great factory that was the USA with its vast production capabilities. BritishRead MoreCongenital Heart Diseases ( Chd )3560 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are defects in the heart that are present from birth and affect 8 in every 1,000 newborns each year (National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 2011). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common congenital disease of the heart (O’Hanlon and Pennell, 2009) and the most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among apparently healthy athletes and younger generations (Maron, 1995; Maron and Maron, 2013). HCM is a condition in which there is abnormalRead MoreCase Study for Chf7166 Words   |  29 PagesIs generally defined as inability of the heart to supply sufficient blood flow to meet the bodys needs. It has various diagnostic criteria, and the term heart failure is often incorrectly used to describe other cardiac-related illnesses, such as myocardial infarction (heart attack) or cardiac arrest. CLASSIFICATION There are many different ways to categorize heart failure, including: ⠝â€" the side of the heart involved, (left heart failure versus right heart failure) ⠝â€" whether the abnormality

BLACK RAIN Essay Example For Students

BLACK RAIN Essay byMasuji IbuseThe main character in the novel is in some ways like myself. Mr. Shizuma is a person that is intrigued by many things and likes to see what reaction people have from any action. Throughout the novel he feels the need to go to different parts of the city and surrounding communities in order to see the effects of the unknown bomb. Mr. Shizuma was not only interested in what happened to the people of the community but he was also interested in finding out what the weapon used was called and made out of. There were different names given to the bomb throughout the book and he sums up the names in one paragraph, The name of the bomb had already undergone a number of changes, from the initial new weapon through new-type bomb, secret weapon, special new-type bomb, to special high-capacity bomb. That day, I learned for the first time to call it an atomic bomb. (Black Rain 282)The importance of the name of the bomb may seem ineffectual, but he seems to dwell on finding out what c aused this type of destruction. Something else that Mr. Shizuma wants to do is remember every little detail about what happens to everything from what angle the house was on after the bomb to what his wife cooked for dinner with the food rationing. He even likes to write how people cured themselves of radiation sickness and what the burns and other injuries look and act like. These things are like myself in the fact that he does not like to forget what things are like, wants to see first hand what the effects are, and is very interested in finding information about new things that he has never seen before. He also likes to help people greatly such as his constant wanderings looking for coal for his community. If you were depended on would you help your community? I think so. The theme that is very meaningful to me is that war hurts two different parts of a country. The first is the military, which was not really talked about, and then there is the civilians. The civilians must ration food so that the military can eat, and then they must also suffer because the bomb that was dropped was not meant for any military base but to destroy and kill a city. The theme is clear in meaning that it hurts the civilians much more than it hurts the military and that war is very, very cruel. The people that were rationing had very little to eat and that amount became smaller as the war continued. People were forced to grow carp in small, and search for mussels in ponds in order to get any type of meat. By the end of the war there were no mussels left in any of the many streams and there were also no fish in any of the ponds. The only thing that survived were the eels who were seen swimming up the river a day before the surrender was given. This was a sign of rebirth. It only took a year after the Hiroshima bombing for the surrender and during that time the government did not help any of the people that really were hurt by the war, the civilians. It was strange that the people felt any remorse at all for losing the war when the government that they were supposed to believe in left them homeless and without any food. Innocent, unarmed people killed and mangled by a weapon that could kill the entire planet. For what purpose was the bomb dropped? Mr. Shizuma made many remarks about how if the opposition would have only waited a while longer they would not have had to drop the bomb because the country was internally falling apart. This seems to me that the dropping of the bomb was nothing but a science experiment to the opposition. That is the hidden theme to this novel. .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd , .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd .postImageUrl , .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd , .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd:hover , .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd:visited , .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd:active { border:0!important; } .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd:active , .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u16cf8dc5511491d29f868584878bd9bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ode To Nightingale By Keats EssayThe only type of person that could possibly read this book is a person that is very open minded to other ideas. To most people from the United States the bomb was necessary in order to stop the war. In the eyes of the Japanese the bomb was not needed to stop the war. Which side is true? The answer is both sides. To have an open mind and to be able to accept new ideas is crucial when you look at people from a different type of background and way of thinking. To read this novel you must also have a pretty solid stomach because there are many detailed entries about wounds and the way that the skin starts to melt right off the living body. The whole story is told from the eyes and thoughts of the main character Mr. Shizuma is different than any first hand account that I have ever read and a reader must be willing to get into that character in order to get the message, feelings, and pictures that Mr. Shizuma is trying to put forth. The novel is written extremely clear but one of the problems is that it gets slow every once in a while if Mr. Shizuma gets something into his mind so he decides to get it done. The pond that his friend is growing carp in is traveled to what seems to be about a thousand times. What is good about the many travels to these same places is that each time the scene changes slightly with someone becoming sick or the carp growing. What a person needs to read this book is careful thought because of the slight changes and also a map seems to grow inside your head of the different places that he goes to. These places are described in so much detail that it does not take very much imagination to see what i s going on and what he is seeing. The title has a lot to do with the book because the title is how the whole thing started, with Mr. Shizumas daughter coming home with black spots on her skin where the black rain had hit her. It could not be washed off and it burnt through clothing. The ending to the novel was satisfactory because the end of the war was a good place to end the novel. The only problem that I can see with this type of ending is that the reader wants to know what has happened to the community after a few years but what the writer is trying to say is very clear and enforced with people crying because they lost the war. The crying was not only because the war was lost but also for the people that died, or are dyeing, in the community. Also the crying was also from fear of what was going to happen to them now that another country had control of them. The men mostly feared that they were going to be castrated but they knew that the country would never be the same but they would be able to eat. The eels that were viewed in the river were still in the larvae stage and they were swimming upriver. This gives the man in the story hope that things will be all right and that they have the power to build a new community and help his family deal with the sickness that his daughter has. The overall meaning of the novel is that war makes things hard for the people that have to stay at home and support their soldiers. The heart of any country is with the general population and when that general population was hit with something unknown it did not only shock the rest of the country but it made the country wonder if they were strong enough. People will pull through for themselves and family before they think about what is going to happen to the way that they live. This novel shows the power and curiosity of the human spirit. It does accomplish what it set out to do, show the effect on the losing side of war.

Quality Gurus Essay Example

Quality Gurus Essay As noted in the Kerzner textbook, many people have been responsible for the quality movement with the leading contributors W. Edwards Deming, Joseph M. Juran, and Philip B. Crosby. Compare and Contrast the three primary quality gurus and select one of these leaders and describe why you feel his work has definitely contributed to project quality management. Build on the items presented in the textbook in terms of their contributions and the comparison of the experts work. Discuss the highlights of the quality Gurus contribution. Note what you believe are the advantages and disadvantages of this individuals contributions. In your paper, describe why you selected this particular expert over the other two since all three have been so instrumental in the success of quality management. With quality playing a large role to gain the competitive edge over its competition, it’s no question as to why it’s important to study the history of the quality movement in project management. It is essential for a project team to produce a high quality product and to have high standards of quality when completing the assigned projects. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Gurus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Gurus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Gurus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer An organization may think their product is top notch but if the customer is not happy with the result or disagrees with the level of quality in a product the company will lose money. This is the reason why all companies and organizations must focus more of their resources on quality. Although the quality movement has had many notable contributors, the three most influential are W. Edwards Deming, Joseph M. Juran, and Phillip B. Crosby. (Kerzner, 2009, p. 877). All three men believed project quality success started with the personnel in management roles. If a manager didn’t care or wasn’t paying attention to their employees, the quality of the products they provided would decrease and the outcome would be poor. Managers need to provide their employees with every available resource to be successful in creating a quality product. This includes education, leading by example and providing quality materials, tools, and equipment in order to be successful. Juran believed managers needed to be educated and trained on the changes to be implemented during the production process. He felt resistance to change was cultural and the root cause of quality and human relation problems and said should be isolated and resolved (Smith, 2011, p. 42). Crosby was quick to point out that in order to create a manufacturing process that has zero defects; management must set the tone and ambiance for employees to follow. If management does not create a system by which zero defects are clearly the objective, then employees are not to blame when things go astray and result in defects occurring (Smith, 2011, p. 6). Deming believed the reason companies were not producing quality products was management concentrating on the wrong timeframe. They were focused on the here and now rather than the future of the business. Deming claimed that 85 percent of all quality problems required management to take initiative and change the process (Kerzner, 2009, p. 877). Another similarity between Deming, Juran and Crosby’s principles on quality is the significance of achieving the highes t customer satisfaction. They agreed it is a long term process that will take time and commitment from everyone and it will not produce results overnight. Improvements to reduce costs, anticipate problems and how to prevent quality flaws will be evident over time when cost and quality are not in competition with one another (Suarez, 1992, p. 16). The three gurus also agreed that education and training must be continuous at all levels to foster a common language of quality, to develop employee skills and knowledge to succeed (Suarez, 1992, p. 16). Education of managers and employees in order to successfully implement a new process are the grounds to building good teamwork and communication. This all takes time and is not something that should be rushed or it will not be as successful. They also agree in the elimination of inspections in terms of achieving quality (for instance post production inspections) (Suarez, 1992, p. 17). Even though Deming, Juran, and Crosby all have similarities between their key principles in quality management there are several aspects that are different to the approaches. They all recognize the importance of measurement to improve quality; however, the level of importance each emphasizes is different. Crosby and Juran view the cost of quality as the focus of measurement whereas Deming does not use the cost of quality as a focus (Suarez, 1992, p. 18). To Deming, meeting the customers’ needs and expectations about a product or service is of higher importance to quality. He also considers unknown costs such as the impact of lost customers to be more significant than visible costs (Suarez, 1992, p. 8). Deming, Juran, and Crosby all define quality in different ways. Deming defines quality as a continuous improvement and the ultimate goal is zero defects; however, he realizes an error free product may not be economically feasible or practical (Kerzner, 2009, p. 880). Deming also states a product or service is defined by the customer and quality is a relative term and will change based on the customer’s needs (Suarez, 1992, p. 3) Juran’s definition of quality focuses 100% of the customer’s satisfaction of the product. He stresses a balance between product features and products free from deficiencies and believes a quality product is free from deficiencies (Suarez, 1992, p. 4). In order to achieve this satisfaction, Juran believes a company needs to spend its resources resolving â€Å"sporadic† problems (short term problems that generate sudden changes for the lessened quality) and â€Å"chronic† problems (may need scientific breakthrough to achieve higher levels of quality) (Kerzner, 2009, p. 80-881) Crosby says quality must be measurable and clearly defined to help the organization take action based on tangible targets rather than a hunch, experience or opinions. (Suarez, 1992, p. 3) Crosby argues that the cost of quality includes only nonconformance costs and is ultimately free (Kerzner, 2009 p. 881). Crosby’s measurable method for nonconformance relies heavily on motivation and the role of senior management (Kerzner, 2009, p. 881). He also believed there are no varying leve ls or degrees of quality; it’s either quality or it’s not (Suarez, 1992, p. 3). In addition the three quality gurus view the role of the supplier importance differently. Deming favors the practice of working with a single supplier when feasible, thus reducing the variability of incoming materials (Suarez, 1992, p. 20). When a long-term relationship is made with one supplier that’s built on trust and understanding Deming believes the company benefits from suppliers improving their own processes. He believes they are more likely to provide better products and services in order to maintain long term contracts with the purchasers (Suarez, 1992, p. 0). Crosby and Juran recognize some advantages of having a single supplier; however they take a more conservative view. They advocate for a company to try to reduce the number of suppliers they work with but still stress importance on different suppliers for key products (Suarez, 1992, p. 20). That way, in the event that a company’s main supplier has an unforeseen event limiting production (such as an employe e strike or a product backorder) there is a backup and it will not limit the company’s output and production. Even though Deming, Juran, and Crosby view management commitment as the most fundamentally important aspect in quality management they emphasize the manager’s role in participation differently. Crosby relies heavily on â€Å"zero defects† and believes it is not the workers fault if defects are found in a product but that management failed to provide an example in which employees emulate (Smith, 2011, p. 46). If management does not portray the importance of obtaining a product that contains zero defects the workers will follow their lead and the product will lack quality. In turn, this may produce a product that the customer does not want or is not satisfied with. This may also cause loss of revenue or clients. Juran’s concept advocates for education of managers and believes human relation problems and resistance to change is an important fact causing quality issues (Smith, 2011, p. 42). He believes communication between managers and employees about the importance of quality is essential. Manager’s decisions and actions must be geared towards obtaining set goals, providing the necessary resources and serving on quality councils and quality improvement teams (Suarez, 1992, p. 0). Demining, however, has specific rules and responsibilities of managers and a company’s leadership, He believes that it is not the manager’s job to point fingers and to keep records of failures, but to remove barriers and help create a culture that promotes helping others do a better job and to feel pride in their craft (Suarez, 1992, p. 20). In comp arison of the three gurus, the person who had the most influence over the quality management movement was Joseph M Juran. Juran has been called the father of quality and is referred to as the greatest quality giant of the 20th century (Smith, 2011, p. 2). Juran’s approach to achieving the highest quality product is based on a strategic approach. This allows the quality issues to be resolved one by one as they arise and on a per project basis. Juran developed many concepts to support his philosophy including the â€Å"spiral of progress in quality,† the â€Å"breakthrough sequence,† the â€Å"project by project approach,† the â€Å"Juran trilogy† and the principle of the â€Å"vital few and trivial many†( Smith, 2011, p. 42). It is sometimes a lost idea by companies (especially the larger they get) that they have employees working for them. Everyone is human. Instead of a very aggressive statistical approach to quality management like Deming promotes, or a â€Å"one size fits all† type of structured roadmap for management to follow like Crosby believes, Juan promotes teamwork. His project by project approach allows changes to be customized based on needs. Juran acknowledges there can be different levels of quality and that it is not cut and dry. The characteristics of quality he defines are structural, sensory, time oriented, commercial and ethical (Kerzner, 2009, p. 880). Any one of these characteristics can be mediocre and it does not mean that the product is not quality, it means there can be improvements made to a certain aspect of the product to meet the customer’s needs and improve on the quality. However his most influential concept is the â€Å"Juran trilogy†. The Juran trilogy consists of three concepts: quality improvement, quality planning and quality control (Kerzner, 2009, p. 878). The trilogy makes it clear that one concept will not be improved without the other two since they are all interrelated to each other. According to Juran, the starting point in the trilogy is quality planning by creating a process to meet established quality goals ( Juran, 2005, p. 66). This is the first line of defense from poor quality products and a vital step in improving quality. Without a plan there is no road map on how to achieve certain goals. Quality planning means goals are established, implementation and resource plans are made and a plan is created to achieve the level of quality desired (Juran, 2005, p. 67). Once the plans are in place quality can be measured and controlled by monitoring the process and performance and it can be compared against the objectives (Juran, 2005, p. 67). Once the plans are in place and the control and monitoring of quality is going on, improvements can be made based on feedback or observations by improving employee morale, increasing profitability, and satisfying the customer’s needs (Juran, 2005, p. 67). In addition to Juran’s trilogy, another benefit to his contribution of quality is he sees problems as projects. This allows improvements to be made on a per project basis. By focusing on problems as projects, it helps focus improvement on specific areas and can provide short term results within a long-term strategy (Suarez, 1992, p. 21). Juran also acknowledges the human relation in projects. He believed human relation problems were issues to isolate and resolve in order for quality to be its best in a product. He considered education of management was important to resolve conflicts when they arise (Smith, 2011, p. 42). He thought the need for change is the answer to quality problems. Without education managers did not have the proper tools to help create the environment for change to take place. His â€Å"fitness for use† concept attributes quality of design, conformance, availability, safety and field of use to the satisfaction of the customer and the real measurement of the success of a quality product (Kerzner, 2009, p. 878). Juran believed quality was defined by the customer and meeting their expectations. Anyone affected by the product was considered a customer from those who deal with the product in the developmental stages to those who deal with the finished product (Suarez, 1992, p. ). Juran focused on the human aspect in quality all around. The biggest disadvantage to Juran’s approach is also on his quality improvement views. He believes in the trilogy to achieve improvements in quality, however, he does not focus too much on the prevention of problems to create poor quality products (Suarez, 1992, p. 19). Juran’s focus is more on so lving the problems that arise then to prevent them which can mean there will always be processes to follow and the chance of a poor quality product and the possible loss of a customer.

#FreelancerFriday #3 - Maggie Lyons, Editor

#FreelancerFriday #3 - Maggie Lyons, Editor #FreelancerFriday #3 - Maggie Lyons, Editor â€Å"You want to make a piece of writing absolutely shine, but you have to be very careful not to squash the writers’ voice. If you destroy the writer’s voice you shouldn’t be editing.†Maggie Lyons is an editor and author of children’s fiction of Welsh extraction based in Virginia. With a background editing for Harvard University Press and Palgrave Macmillan, she spoke to us about her diplomatic approach to editing, and her experience being on the other side of the editor’s pen.–REEDSY What was it like starting as an editor in academic publishing?MAGGIE LYONS I got to edit an enormous variety of disciplines: everything from medieval history to an astronomy course. In the academic world a lot of disciplines can be edited by people who don’t have a degree in that subject. There are a few that can’t be - I’d have never agree to edit a course on relativity - but a lot can. Publishers trust that the academic writing the book is the ultimate expert, and that the editor’s job is not to check every fact in the book. I could do developmental editing for British History, Medieval History, there was a course on Churchill where I made some suggestions as well.When you’re talking about an academic volume that has multiple authors all contributing a chapter, I would not do developmental editing. For example, I’ve worked on books for Harvard University Press. By the time the manuscript gets to me the developmental editing has been done, and it’s been done by an academic in that subject, often someone cont ributing a chapter to that book. But the copy editor or line editor for an academic publisher like HUP wouldn’t do the developmental or content editing.REEDSY Do you have a process for working through a new project?MAGGIE LYONS Absolutely. The process is different depending on if I’m editing for an individual private client or a publisher. If I’m editing something for a private client, we start off with a brief discussion of the document to be edited, a contract goes back and forth, administrative things are involved, etc. Before I even accept the manuscript I’ll want to see a couple of sample pages so that I can see the amount of work involved, and obviously my fee is then based on the level or work involved. All that administrative and judgemental stuff comes first.I rarely ever edit hard-copy, I rarely mark-up paper. I much prefer to work online. I find it leads to better work - I pick up on things much more accurately when I work online. I have done work on paper, but that’s becoming very much a thing of the past. Some companies still do it, marking up everything in red ink, but that’s very unusual these days.I’ll look over the manuscript and let the writer or p ublishing house know how long it’ll take me to do. If I spot things that may be problematic, I need an answer from the writer before I even start editing. I go through the manuscript twice - I do a first and second pass, which could mean 80,000 words twice over, but I find it necessary. I’ll then put it through a spell check, and it goes back to the client. Almost always when I’m editing I put in a lot of comments and queries for the writer that need to be addressed. We get all the loose ends tied up and problems solved, and then we’ll finalise the manuscript. There’s a fourth pass through before it goes back to the client for submission.In terms of writing for a publishing house it’s slightly different - I’ll do the two passes and the spell-check, but someone else presents the author with my queries. When I work with a publisher I don’t have direct contact with the author. It’s unfortunate because that direct content te nds to give much better results.REEDSY What are some of things that need to be queried? That you can’t fix by yourself.MAGGIE LYONS For example, I was editing a manuscript by an author with HUP who was talking about places in central Asia. They had used different spellings for the same location throughout the text. So I had to check which one was correct, which do you prefer to use - he knows which one will be best, whether it’s less accents or more accepts, and so on. They have to be the one to decide that.REEDSY What are some common mistakes people make with respect to structure?MAGGIE LYONS The first thing that comes to mind is logic - sometimes sentences don’t flow logically, you need to move a sentence to the beginning rather than the end. You’re looking for things that might give the wrong meaning because of the way that they’re structured.REEDSY Is that the same for fiction? More difficult?MAGGIE LYONS I wouldn’t say more difficult, I would say you’re taking a different approach. By nature, fiction is going to involve things like plot and characterisation and points of view; you have to know how to address those differently to the issues you might have in non-fiction. It’s a different set of rules.REEDSY Is it difficult editing fiction while preserving the voice of a writer? Like, correcting problems while retaining stylistic inconsistencies.MAGGIE LYONS Dialogue will not be grammatically correct because people do not speak grammatically correctly! You want to make dialogue in fiction as natural as possible, so if there are grammatical mistakes you leave them in - it’s like hallowed ground. If everyone spoke grammatically perfect English you’d have rather boring dialogue; everyone would be the same person. That’s just one of the areas where fiction is very different from non-fiction - you’re going to have that off-the-chart stuff, while in non-fiction you can make everyone sound absolutely perfect. This is the difference between editors who specialise in either fiction or non-fiction.I’ve published children’s books myself, so I’ve seen that side as a fiction writer. When I published them I had an editor of my own, because no writer can edit themselves well - it’s psychological, you don’t want to see the mistakes you’ve made. You can’t deal with it. Itâ€℠¢s always best to have an outsider look at these things for you.REEDSY Can you talk more about being an editor undergoing editing yourself?MAGGIE LYONS I found the experience difficult for myself. I am a professional editor, I had a few ideas of my own with which my publisher’s editor did not agree - I went through a hard time with all of that. For one thing the process when you’re writing fiction is very exhausting; you seem multiple revisions, coming back to you and back again, which gets to be very tiring. Especially when you’ve already spent a lot of time writing the darn thing, and now you’re going over and over it again. It got to the point where I didn’t want to see this wretched story anymore.One of the problems is when you’re working closely with a writer you have to remember that this piece of work is their baby. If baby has an orange nose, how is the editor going to deal with that? You can’t just say â€Å"Your baby is an abomination† - you have to get the parent to realise they should be feeding the baby a few less carrots. Editors have to be diplomats. 99% of the t ime they’re right. The trick isn’t what they’re saying, but the way they’re saying it. The author is going to accept your advice much more easily if your communication and diplomacy skills are top-notch. But if you come in with a heavy hand you’re going to develop an adversarial relationship which is really death to working well.It’s much more of a partnership in the developmental or content edit stage, where the editor wants to help the writer be the best writer they can be. There’s less of that in the line-editing stage - when it comes to grammar, it’s either wrong. It’s less a suggestion, it’s more whether you want to put out a grammatically correct book, or an incorrect book.REEDSY And where do copyeditors sit on that spectrum?MAGGIE LYONS In a way, the writer is not the copyeditors client; the reader is the copyeditors client. What the editor and writer ares trying to do together is make everything as flowy and comprehensible for the reader’s sake. The goal is to create the best product for the reader.REEDSY So when preparing to work with you, what can an author do for you, as an editor?MAGGIE LYONS Before going to an editor, the writer of a work of fiction needs to go over a manuscript with a fine-tooth comb, and also to have submitted it to a critique group so that you’ve had the benefit of other people’s opinions on the whole thing. There can be years of work put into manuscripts before they reach an editor.There are many people who write, and they have wonderful ideas that should be in print - but they don’t have a good grasp of grammar. We expect to edit that - we call that mechanical editing. But their ideas and their style is something that will come from the writer, although a good editor can help with that. The copyeditor is the one that will smooth out those ruffles. There’s a mantra for copy editors: Comprehensibility, clarity, correctness, consistency, and concision.You want to make a piece of writing absolutely shine, but you have to be very careful not to squash the writers’ voice. If you destroy the writer’s voice you shou ldn’t be editing - that’s when you don’t want to obey all the rules in the book. You have to treasure a writer’s voice, especially a strong voice.–After our conversation, Maggie very kindly followed up with some comments on the degree to which exercising judgement makes all the difference in editing stylistic writing, especially fiction.–â€Å"In terms of what being a good or bad editor means, I’d like to add that being overzealous with the rule book can make pablum of a text or destroy the author’s intentions. For example, in a work of fiction, when writers want to intensify the dramatic action, they may wish to use use less commas and/or periods (full stops) and write more fragmented content. An editor who is determined to correct what seems to be sloppy style and grammar could slow down the momentum the writer has carefully built, or destroy it all together. In an academic or business context, an overzealous editor could re place all the technical jargon with standardized terminology (and at the risk of imposing the wrong meaning). When a book or a document is intended to be read by professionals serving a particular industry, the copy editor would be wise to retain the terminology the readers know and understand, regardless of whether its jargon.Good editors will respect a writer’s voice and not try to write the content in their own style. They’ll also be flexible with rules and willing to negotiate with the writer on arguable points. Points of editorial style are frequently negotiable. Points of grammar, however, much less so.I also do ESL editing (English as a second language) for clients whose mother tongue is not English. That may require some creative thinking! But I am in close touch with those clients and have plenty of opportunity to make sure I have interpreted their meaning correctly. Sometimes it can be quite a challenge because the clients have difficulty in explaining exactl y what they mean! But I love that kind of challenge.†

Michael Porters Five Forces Analysis Coursework

Michael Porters Five Forces Analysis - Coursework Example The five forces are threat of new entrants, bargaining power of the purchasers, bargaining power of the suppliers, threat of the substitute products or services and the rivalry among the existing competitors (Porter 6 – 10). The following diagram shows the five forces. Foremost, the bargaining power of the suppliers is driven by the number of suppliers for every essential input, the uniqueness of the inputs or services, the size, and strength of the supplier and the cost involved in switching from one supplier to another. This force includes assessment of the probability of the suppliers to increase their prices. Secondly, the bargaining power of the buyer includes assessing of the probability that the buyers will bring down prices of commodities and services. The assessment is controlled by the number of purchasers available in the market, the significance of every individual buyer to the firm and the cost likely to occur if the buyer switches from buying in one firm or the other. When a business has a few of powerful buyers, the firm is in a position to dictate the terms to the buyers. Thirdly, competitive rivalry is driven by the capability of the competitors in the market and their number. When a big number of competitors offer undifferentiated services or products, they reduce the attractiveness of the market. Substitution threat applies in that, when there are close substitute products, the likelihood of increased switching of customers to the alternatives occurs responding to the increase in prices. In such a scenario, the market attractiveness and the suppliers’ power reduce. Threat of new entries implies that a profitable market attracts new entrants in the business and erodes profitability of a firm. Not unless incumbents have durable and strong barriers to entry, the profitability goes down to a competitive rate. The barriers to entry in the market include

Warfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Warfare - Essay Example This kind of warfare more closely resembles the kind of decentralised wars from the earlier periods of human history (Thornton, 2007). The 4GW system indicates that the nation state structure has had to relinquish its monopoly on well defined combat forces as the nature of conflict often forces them to return to modes of conflict displayed in pre-modern times. The warfare displayed in the 21st century clearly demonstrates the presence and eventual dominance of the non-state actors in theatres of war. Often conflict is characterised as violent struggle between at least one non-state actor and other state actors. This is far more similar to pre-modern times such as the slave uprising against the Roman Republic under Spartacus. Certain elements of the 4GW make it far more different than other modes of conflict and are described in detail below. In general terms the conflicts in the 4GW system are complex and based on long term commitment to violence (Hammes, 2006). As an example, the Se cond World War which claimed the greatest number of lives on the planet continued for a mere six years while conflicts in the 4GW regime can continue for a decade or more such as the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, the US campaign in Iraq and Afghanistan etc. Moreover the use of terrorism as a tactic of such prolonged campaigns is a defining feature of 4GW conflicts. Terrorism can be seen continuing even after the expected end of conflicts in the 4GW period and this in turn often sparks the conflict again (Schmid & Jongman, 1988). The presence of terrorist activities makes such conflicts and their ends rather unpredictable. As an example, the rebellion of the Tamils in Sri Lanka continued for decades without respite and the interlaced periods of cease fire between the Tamils and the Sri Lankan military were often disrupted by acts of terrorism that reactivated the state of war. In order to support the activities required to engage in 4GW, it is necessary to use a decentralised pre sence on the part of the engaged parties. This is often achieved using non-national or trans-national bases that are highly decentralised (Hoffman, 2006). As is often the case in such circumstances, the leadership of the violent non state actor lies in another state while the actual conflict proceeds in another state. The presence and adept handling of communication equipment has enabled the relaying of information over large distances and in such situations with reliability. This ensures that the central leadership can operate from foreign theatres of operation in order to avoid danger near the battlefield. The evolution of recent wars has made this precept of 4GW all the stronger (Juergensmeyer, 2000). More often than not the central leadership is composed of multiple nationalities, ethnic and racial identities working together to achieve common objectives. This enables the leadership to be split up into multiple locations which makes it harder for enemy combatants to close down o nto the central leadership and disassemble it (Rodin, 2006). The leadership is often small in size unlike the conventional tactics employed in nation state armies. The leadership is highly varied as mentioned before and so a network of communication must exist in order to manage the theatre of conflict. One important

Securitization Pros Essay Example for Free

Securitization Pros Essay The introduction of financial sector reforms in India has led to innovations in financial markets and instruments. One of the most prominent developments in the international finance in recent times that is likely to assume even greater importance in future is ‘securitisation’. Securitisation is the process of pooling and re-packaging of homogenous illiquid loans into marketable securities. Increased pressure on operating efficiency, on market niches, on competitive advantages, and on capital strength, all provide fuel for rapid changes. Securitisation is one of the solutions to these challenges. 2. Reserve Bank of India, as a facilitator, has attempted to explore the intricacies of securitisation as a process of financial engineering and its applicability to the Indian financial system especially in the mortgage and infrastructure sectors. The in-house Working Group constituted by the Bank had the benefit of presentations of and interaction with market intermediaries, regulators, industry experts and international agencies on various aspects associated with securitisation. 3. The report defines asset securitisation and makes a reference to future flow securitisation. Motivation and benefits in the form of capital relief, improvement in return on equity and return on assets, use as a strategic tool, asset liability management, improved liquidity, upgradation in system, Originator discipline, etc. have been highlighted. 4. Various impediments viz. , lack of investors’ base, capital market infrastructure, regulatory framework, legal provisions, accounting and taxation issues besides good quality assets, past data and standardisation of documents have been identified. In the process of exploring opportunities in India, the ideal conditions for success of securitisation in USA and other countries are highlighted. 5. Experience of securitisation in a few developed countries (USA, Japan, Australia, etc. ) and emerging markets like Thailand, Argentina and Morocco has been discussed in detail. The report also identifies securitisation of impaired assets. 6. The disclosure norms and rating will provide touchstones. The Offer Document should give rating rationale which should seek to comment on the quality of the receivables, payment structures, adequacy of the credit enhancement, risks and concerns for investors and the mitigating factors, etc. Rating agencies have already acquired a fair degree of expertise in India through rating of structured obligations and other issues that are quite similar to securitisation. 7. True sale characteristics of securitisation transactions are required to be reflected in the books of accounts, statements to be furnished to the concerned regulators as also to the tax authorities. Since there are no guidelines for accounting treatment of these transactions, the accounting procedures with appropriate guidelines need to be framed by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India for the sake of uniformity. A background paper has been prepared in this regard and attached to this report which may serve as a guide in the interregnum. The background paper includes a few illustrations for the guidance of the financial entities. 8. The role of various regulators (RBI, SEBI, etc. ) and other agencies / entities has also been discussed. 9. The recommendations have been categorised into short-term, medium-term and longterm with definite timeframe in each category. The major recommendations on legal issues (short-term) are incorporated in Chapter 9. These include: i) Defining securitisation in the Transfer of Property Act to lend uniformity of approach and restrict the benefits provided by law/regulation for genuine securitisation transactions. ii) Rationalisation of stamp duty to make it uniform at 0. 1 per cent for all securitisation transactions. Attempts may be made to bring the subject under the purview of Indian Stamps Act 1889 from the State Stamp Acts. ii) Reduction of registration charges by amending Section 17(2) of the Registration Act. iv) Inclusion of securitised instruments in Securities Contract Regulation Act. v) SEBI may consider removal of prohibition on investment in mortgage backed securities by Mutual Fund Schemes. vi) Tax neutrality of Special Purpose Vehicle. Recommendations for tax reforms also in clude the spread of upfront income received by Originator over the tenure of the loan securitised, extension of benefits under Section 88 of Income Tax Act for repayment of housing loans after the loans have been securitised etc. 10. Other recommendations are summarised below: i) The most significant impact of securitisation arises from the placement of different risks and rights of an asset with the most efficient owner. The training institutes of the financial institutions should attempt to spread awareness of the benefits and scope of securitisation increasingly among financial community. ii) Spell out the risk weights and NPA norms on securitised paper. Insurance Companies and Provident Funds need to be encouraged to invest in the securitised paper. Besides, suitable regulatory framework may have to be evolved to encourage Foreign Institutional Investors. ii) Listing requirements for various securities to be issued may be stipulated which may include minimum issue size, eligible stock exchanges etc. iv) Include the securitised paper in demat trading. v) While identifying the key characteristics of special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) to keep the structure â€Å"remote† from the bankruptcy of the Originator, t he Group recommends flexibility in the structure of SPV. SEBI may formulate detailed guidelines in this regard. vi) Accounting treatment should enable the ‘off balance sheet’ effect for securitised assets. Such treatment for future flow securitisation, credit enhancer etc. has been clarified. A Research Committee of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India is already working on minute details of accounting treatment. vii) Adequate disclosure norms are recommended for an ‘informed† decision by the investor. A model Offer document has been attempted by the Group to give information on description of assets, historical performance, end use of funds, transaction structure, and statement of risk factors. The Group also recommends continuous disclosures. iii) The report has suggested prudential guidelines for banks, developmental financial institutions, non-banking finance companies, etc. including broad creteria for true sale. Model prudential guidelines have been prepared which incorporate issues such as off balance sheet treatment, credit enhancement, servicing, etc. ix) Medium term measures include increased flow of information thorough credit bureaus, standardisation of documents, improvement in the quality of assets, upgradation of computer skills and exploration of the possibilities of securitising non-performing assets.

Databases :: essays research papers

databases The Many Faces of Databases Large databases can contain hundreds of interrelated files. Fortunately a database management system can shield users from the complex inner workings of the system, providing them with only the information and commands they need to get their jobs done. In fact, a well-designed database puts on different faces for different classes of users. Downsizing and Decentralizing The earliest file management programs could only do batch processing, which required users to accumulate transactions and feed them into computers in large batches. These batch systems weren't able to provide the kind of immediate feedback we expect today. Today disk drives, inexpensive memory, and sophisticated software have allowed interactive processing to replace batch processing for most applications. Users can now interact with data through terminals, viewing and changing values in real time. Batch processing is still used for printing periodic bills, invoices, and reports and for mak ing backup copies of data files. But for applications that demand immediacy, such as airline reservations, banking transactions, and the like, interactive, multiuser database systems have taken over. Until recently most databases were housed in mainframe computers. But for a growing number of organizations, the traditional centralized database on a mainframe system is no longer the norm. Some companies use a client/server approach: Database software in client desktop computers works with files stored in central server databases on mainframes, minicomputers, or desktop computers. Other companies use distributed databases that use data strewn out across networks on several different computers. From the user's point of view, the differences between these approaches may not be apparent. Tomorrow's Databases? Many computer scientists believe that the relational data model may be supplanted in the next decade by an object-oriented data model, and that most future databases will be object- oriented databases rather than relational databases. Instead of storing records in tables and hierarchies, object-oriented databases store software objects that contain procedures (or instructions) along with data. Object-oriented databases often are used in conjunction with object-oriented programming languages. Tomorrow's databases will be able to respond intelligently to commands and queries issued in natural human language. Rules of Thumb: Dealing with Databases A few common-sense rules when working with file managers or relational database management systems are: o Choose the right tool for the job. o Think about how you'll get the information out before you put it in. o Start with a plan, and be prepared to change it.

Develop MPI Essay

First, in today’s global economy, many companies are vying for a presence in the global markets. There are several ways to gain entry into a foreign market but many questions must be answered first to make sure there is a return on investment or an exit strategy. In the Foley Company case, Joanne has to determine what are her Company strategies advantages and disadvantages of entering Brazilian market for soybeans harvesters: First, she has to determine whether the Company is considering a standalone entry or entry through alliances. This could be a pivotal point in their decision because on one hand the lack of experience with foreign manufacturing operations could prove to be costly in a standalone entry for example. But as Mr. Osborne point it out this is also a â€Å"too good to lose† market, so an equity-base method of entry through alliances seemed to be a none-starter for Foley Company. But eventually, Ms. Poe has other options to consider for entry strategies: Contract Manufacturing, Licensing, Franchising or Exporting. Contract Manufacturing Contract manufacturing has a flexibility element to it as an entry method as it can be used as an added value to other method of entry. This is a major advantage. Ms. Poe could recommend this option in conjunction with franchising for example. Contract Manufacturing would also give the Foley Company a new look at the market in Brazil because the company has not seen this aspect of business in Brazil. Here, the company could focus on R&D and other improvement to its machinery to gain competitive advantage. The advantages of this method of entry could be: low capital required, low risk, manageable exit strategy, easy to structure and direct the process. The disadvantages of this method could be: the Company could lose some control due to lack of international experience, difficult to account for the cultural and differences in quality of work and standards, locally accepted practices can be hard to gauge when selecting vendors of supplies of parts etc. can be a problem for a new entran t in the market especially when there is potential for major capital investment. Licensing Licensing method of entry for companies could be reinsuring for the Foley Company because the Company would be able to legally protect its assets  while in the process conducting market establishing its name in Brazil. But this is more to prepare the â€Å"field† by licensing its rights and expertize to local companies conduct to business on its behalf. The important elements here are protection by the local regulations. The advantages here could be: Less hurdles to enter in case of import complexities in Brazil, fast entry into the market, no capital upfront required to establish a presence. But the disadvantages could be: Decrease in sales (not fully engage yet), culture differences and interpretations, and more importantly, the licensee could collaborate with competitors or become competitors themselves which would complicate future deals in Brazil. Franchising By recommending franchising a method of entry, Ms. Poe could emphasize the fact in this case rapid expansion, where a franchise would maintain a business relationship with Foley Company which would grant it the right to distribute its soybeans harvesters using Foley’s brand in exchange for a fee. The creation of a network of owner operated dealers would increase its market share and expanded territories. Less advertising programs and costs, market penetration at high rate, brand equity. The disadvantage of this method of entry could be the cost of engaging locals by Foley Company and potential lack of connection between the company goals in US and it Brazilian counterpart might cause frictions because the local might not be fully vested into the â€Å"bigger picture†. My recommendation would be: Wholly Owned Subsidiaries: Like many Companies, The Foley Company could establish itself fully in Brazil. This would give the company ownership through wholly owned subsidiaries. This method would allow Foley Company to gain control over manufacturing operations and any profits centers completely without sharing with any potential partners. The drawback to this method of entry would be the high initial investment. There can’t be guarantees here because of other intangible like politics, social, economical facts can complicate matters sometimes. But in the long-run, this method of entry which can be done through Acquisition or Greenfield investment (building entirely new facility), would yield many advantages for the company, for example brand equity, increase its competitiveness in the market. With the right  synergies, the economic benefits, in my opinion would outweigh the costs while expanding the market. References http://www.coursesmart.com/SR/7071808/0077496191/331?__hdv=6.8 https://blackboard.neu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_2239043_1%26url%3D Buckley, P.J., and Casson, M.C. 1998. Analyzing Foreign Market Entry Strategies: Extending the Internationalization Approach. Journal of International Business Studies: 539-561.

Microeconomics Versus Macroeconomics

Microeconomics and macroeconomics are two of the largest subdivisions of the study of economics wherein micro- refers to the observation of small economic units like the effects of government regulations on individual markets and consumer decision making and macro- refers to the big picture version of economics like how interest rates are determines and why some countries economies grow faster than others. According to comedian P.J. O’Rourke, â€Å"microeconomics concerns things that economists are specifically wrong about, while macroeconomics concerns things economists are wrong about generally. Or to be more technical, microeconomics is about the money you don’t have, and macroeconomics is about money the government is out of.† Although this humorous observation pokes fun at economists, the description is accurate. However, a closer observation of both fields of economic discourse will provide a better understanding of the basics of economic theory and study. Microeconomics: Individual Markets Those who have studied Latin know that the prefix â€Å"micro-â€Å" means â€Å"small,† so it shouldn’t be surprising that microeconomics is the study of small economic units. The field of microeconomics is concerned with things like consumer decision making and utility maximizationfirm production and profit maximizationindividual market equilibriumeffects of government regulation on individual marketsexternalities and other market side effects Put another way, microeconomics concerns itself with the behavior of individual markets, such as the markets for oranges, the market for cable television, or the market for skilled workers as opposed to the overall markets for produce, electronics, or the entire workforce. Microeconomics is essential for local governance, business and personal financing, specific stock investment research, and individual market predictions for venture capitalistic endeavors. Macroeconomics: The Big Picture Macroeconomics, on the other hand, can be thought of as the â€Å"big picture† version of economics. Rather than analyzing individual markets, macroeconomics focuses on aggregate production and consumption in an economy, the overall statistics that macroeconomists miss. Some topics that macroeconomists study include effects of general taxes such as income and sales taxes on output and pricescauses of economic upswings and downturnseffects of monetary and fiscal policy on economic healtheffects of and process for determining  interest ratescauses for some economies growing faster than other economies To study economics at this level, researchers must be able to combine different goods and services produced in a way that reflects their relative contributions to aggregate output. This is generally done using the concept of the  gross domestic product  (GDP), and goods and services get weighted by their market prices. The Relationship Between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics There is an obvious relationship between microeconomics and macroeconomics in that aggregate production and consumption levels are the result of choices made by individual households and firms, and some macroeconomic models explicitly make this connection by incorporating microfoundations. Most of the economic topics covered on television and in newspapers are of the macroeconomic variety, but it’s important to remember that economics is about more than just trying to figure out when the economy is going to improve and what the Fed is doing with interest rates, its also about observing local economies and specific markets for goods and services. Although many economists specialize in one field or the other, no matter which study one pursues, the other will have to be utilized in order to understand the implications of certain trends and conditions on both the micro and macro economic levels.